Book: Laws of Human Nature; Step-2

Published:  2018 & Pages: 624

12x Step Learning

Step-2
Guard against your Irrationality

We often think of modern humans as very smart and sensible, but the truth is, we often make choices based on our feelings, which means we can act irrationally. This struggle between our emotions and our rational thinking has been going on for a long time. Pericles, a wise leader in Athens around 2500 years ago, was good at making sensible decisions.

When Athens was in danger of being attacked, Pericles convinced the leaders not to rush into a big war. However, things changed when a deadly sickness hit Athens, and Pericles passed away. People started acting out of fear and anger, leading to a costly and long-lasting war that hurt Athens. Pericles was wise because he was patient. When he had a problem to solve, he would go home, think calmly, consider all the possible outcomes, and make a choice that was best for everyone, not just a few leaders or rich people.

So, it’s a good idea to take your time making decisions instead of letting your emotions take over. And don’t forget to think about the different ways your mind can trick you, like confirmation bias (looking for info that supports your beliefs), conviction bias (thinking strong emotions mean something is true), appearance bias (believing good-looking or rich people are good), and group bias (just agreeing with your group without thinking). Our biases can lead to bad choices, so it’s smart to be curious, skeptical, and open to different ideas. You don’t have to be emotionless, but you’ll make better decisions when you’re CALM

ہم اکثر جدید انسانوں کو بہت ذہین اور سمجھدار سمجھتے ہیں، لیکن حقیقت یہ ہے کہ ہم اکثر اپنے جذبات کی بنیاد پر فیصلے کرتے ہیں، جس کا مطلب ہے کہ ہم کبھی کبھار غیر منطقی طریقے سے کام کرتے ہیں۔ ہمارے جذبات اور عقل کے درمیان یہ جنگ بہت عرصے سے جاری ہے۔ تقریباً 2500 سال پہلے، ایتھنز کے ایک عقلمند رہنما پیریکلیز نے سمجھداری سے فیصلے کرنے کی صلاحیت حاصل کر لی تھی۔

جب ایتھنز پر حملہ ہونے کا خطرہ تھا، تو پیریکلیز نے رہنماؤں کو ایک بڑی جنگ میں جلدی کرنے سے روکا۔ لیکن جب ایک مہلک بیماری نے ایتھنز کو گھیر لیا اور پیریکلیز کا انتقال ہو گیا، تو لوگ خوف اور غصے میں فیصلے کرنے لگے، جس کے نتیجے میں ایک طویل اور مہنگی جنگ شروع ہو گئی جس نے ایتھنز کو نقصان پہنچایا۔ پیریکلیز اس لیے عقلمند تھا کیونکہ وہ صبر سے کام لیتا تھا۔ جب اسے کوئی مسئلہ حل کرنا ہوتا تھا، تو وہ گھر جاتا، سکون سے سوچتا، تمام ممکنہ نتائج پر غور کرتا، اور سب کے لیے بہترین فیصلہ کرتا، نہ کہ صرف چند رہنماؤں یا امیر لوگوں کے لیے۔

لہذا، جذبات کے قابو میں آنے کی بجائے، فیصلے کرتے وقت اپنا وقت لینا ایک اچھا مشورہ ہے۔ اور یہ نہ بھولیں کہ آپ کے ذہن کیسے آپ کو دھوکہ دے سکتے ہیں، جیسے کہ تصدیقی تعصب (صرف وہ معلومات تلاش کرنا جو آپ کے عقائد کی حمایت کرتی ہو)، یقین کا تعصب (یہ سوچنا کہ مضبوط جذبات کسی چیز کی سچائی کو ثابت کرتے ہیں)، ظاہر کا تعصب (یہ ماننا کہ خوبصورت یا امیر لوگ اچھے ہوتے ہیں)، اور گروپ کا تعصب (اپنے گروپ سے اتفاق کرنا بغیر سوچے سمجھے)۔ ہمارے تعصبات ہمیں غلط فیصلوں کی طرف لے جا سکتے ہیں، اس لیے تجسس، شک، اور مختلف خیالات کے لیے کھلے رہنا عقلمندی ہے۔ آپ کو بالکل جذبات سے عاری ہونے کی ضرورت نہیں، لیکن جب آپ پرسکون ہوں گے تو آپ بہتر فیصلے کریں گے۔

10x Short Questions

1. What does the paragraph say about how modern humans make decisions?

Modern humans often make choices based on their feelings, which can be irrational. 

2. Who was Pericles, and what did he excel at?

Pericles was a wise leader in Athens around 2500 years ago, known for making sensible decisions.

3. What did Pericles convince Athens' leaders to do when the city was threatened by war?

He persuaded them not to rush into a big war but to show restraint.

4. What changed after Pericles passed away and a deadly sickness hit Athens?

People started acting out of fear and anger, leading to a costly and long-lasting war.

5. What made Pericles wise in his decision-making?

Pericles was patient and considered all possible outcomes, making choices that benefited everyone.

6. Why is it suggested to take your time when making decisions?

To prevent emotions from taking over and to think rationally.

7. What are some ways our minds can trick us, as mentioned in the paragraph?

Confirmation bias, conviction bias, appearance bias, and group bias.

8. How do biases influence decision-making?

Biases can lead to poor choices, so it’s important to be skeptical, open to different ideas, and curious.

9. Is it necessary to completely remove emotions when making decisions?

No, you don’t need to be emotionless, but making decisions when you’re calm is advisable. 

10. What lesson can be learned from the paragraph regarding decision-making?

The lesson is to make thoughtful decisions by managing emotions, being aware of biases, and staying open to various viewpoints


Check Your Knowledge
10x MCQs

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Book Summary Laws of Human nature Test-2 (QM)

Book Summary Laws of Human nature Test-2 (QM)

The number of attempts remaining is 100

1 / 10

1. What is the primary lesson regarding decision-making that can be learned

2 / 10

2. What are some of the biases mentioned in the paragraph?

3 / 10

3. Who was Pericles, and what was he known for?

4 / 10

4. How can biases affect decision-making?

5 / 10

5. When Athens faced the threat of war, what did Pericles convince the leaders
to do?

6 / 10

6. What happened in Athens after Pericles died and a deadly sickness struck
the city?

7 / 10

7. Is it suggested that people should completely eliminate emotions when
making decisions?

8 / 10

8. What often influences modern humans decision-making processes?

9 / 10

9. Why is it suggested to take your time when making decisions?

10 / 10

10. What quality made Pericles wise in his decision-making?

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