Long Walk to Freedom - Step-12
Published: 1994 & Pages: 658
14x Quick Lessons
Step-12
Introduction to Book
In the early 1980s, the struggle in South Africa became increasingly violent, with the fear that it might never end. The escalating violence, marked by brutal incidents, prompted a need for intervention. In 1981, the South African Defense Force attacked the ANC’s offices in Maputo, Mozambique, resulting in thirteen deaths. Responding to the heightened violence, the MK retaliated in May 1983, detonating a car bomb in Pretoria that killed nineteen people. Mandela recognized the necessity of negotiations to avoid further chaos, leading to a shift in the ANC’s stance. Despite the government’s State of Emergency declaration in 1986, Mandela initiated talks with Kobie Coetsee, the Minister of Defense. These discussions marked the beginning of negotiations. In May 1988, Mandela engaged in secret meetings with state officials, eventually meeting with President F. W. de Klerk in December 1989. De Klerk, committed to peace, announced in February 1990 the lifting of the ANC ban and the release of political prisoners, including Mandela, who was informed about his imminent freedom on the same day. |
بسم اللہ الرحمان الرحیم،
اردو ترجمہ جلد اپ لوڈ کیا جاےَ گا، انشاءاللہ
10x Short Questions
1. What was happening in South Africa in the early 1980s?
The struggle in South Africa was becoming bloodier.
2. What event in 1981 prompted more violence in the struggle against apartheid?
The raid by the South African Defense Force on the ANC’s offices in Maputo, Mozambique.
3. What retaliatory action did the MK take in May 1983?
They detonated a car bomb outside a military facility in Pretoria.
4. Why did Mandela realize negotiations were necessary?
The situation was spiraling out of control, and violence needed to be addressed through negotiations.
5. Who did Mandela request a meeting with in 1986, and why was it surprising that the request was granted?
Kobie Coetsee, the Minister of Defense; it was surprising because the ANC had previously refused to negotiate with the government.
6. What marked the first step in negotiations between Mandela and the government?
Coetsee asking Mandela what it would take to prevent the ANC from using violent tactics.
7. When did Mandela start holding secret meetings with state officials?
In May 1988.
8. Who was the new president Mandela met within December 1989, and what was his stance on peace?
F. W. de Klerk; he was committed to fostering peace.
9. What significant announcements did de Klerk make in February 1990?
He would lift the ban on the ANC, and all political prisoners for nonviolent activities would be released.
10. When did Mandela learn about his imminent release?
On the same day as de Klerk’s announcements in February 1990.
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